Endodermal sinus tumor:: cancer symptom, definition syndrome acute, chronic, treatment, type cause sign history society, foundation information fact early cure picture disease diagnosis research prognosis

Endodermal sinus tumor

Endodermal sinus tumor, formerly often known as yolk sac tumor, is a member of the germ cell tumor group of neoplasms.

Endodermal sinus tumor frequently develops within another kind of tumor, teratoma.

Almost all ovarian endodermal sinus tumors occur in women under the age of 30. Patients usually present with sudden onset pain and a large pelvic mass. There is spread to the peritoneum or lymph nodes in 30-70% of cases.

Treatment

Most treatments involve some combination of surgery and chemotherapy.

Before modern chemotherapy, this type of neoplasm was highly lethal, but the prognosis has significantly improved since.

Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is extremely elevated in most cases of endodermal sinus tumor and is the standard marker for surveilance of malignant teratoma in infants and children and of ovarian cancer in young women.

Histology

The tumors are soft and friable with a smooth external surface and a cystic and perhaps solid variegated yellow or gray sectioned surface. Extensive hemorrhage and necrosis is usual. Microscopically, there is a wide variety of patterns and several histologic subtypes. Typical features are Schiller-Duval bodies and eosinophilic hyaline globules.

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