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Fetus in Fetu

Fetus in fetu (or fœtus in fœtu) is a developmental abnormality containing entire organ systems, even major body parts such as torso or limbs. The abnormality occurs in 1 in 500,000 live births.

Theories of development

There are two main theories about the development of fetus in fetu; one simple, the other complex.

Teratoma theory

Fetus in fetu may be a very highly differentiated form of dermoid cyst, itself a highly differentiated form of mature teratoma.

Parasitic twin theory

Fetus in fetu may be a parasitic twin fetus growing within its host twin. Very early in a monozygotic twin pregnancy, in which both fetuses share a common placenta, one fetus wraps around and envelops the other. The enveloped twin becomes a parasite, in that its survival depends on the survival of its host twin, by drawing on the host twin's blood supply. The parasitic twin is anencephalic (without a brain) and lacks some internal organs, and as such is almost always unable to survive on its own.

Sometimes, however, the host twin survives and is delivered. The parasitic twin grows so large that it starts to harm the host, at which point doctors usually intervene. The condition causes the host to look pregnant, and can occur in both males and females.

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